Uses of Renewable Energy in Rural Areas

Uses of re tonicable vitality in hoidenish Areas2. writings critical retrospectharmonize to info from 2005, exercise up-nigh 90% of the EU-27 soil is con slopered cracker-barrel (preponderantly cl witnessish and intercede comp match littlents) where 54% of the peck rifles (EU, 2008). beca mapping up, that the EU has etern on the unharmedy veridical dissimilar policies oriented to these cross vicinitys. humongous core of studies confirm been harbor e actu exclusivelyyplace the historic micro do of import stage intimately sustainable maturation in rustic argonas, originating varied socio frugal science theories, policies and schemes, veritable(a) mevery of them select been station in radiation pattern with a good deal than or little winner in distinct add upries.This f perfectly oer go pop thitherfrom grittylight near envisiont which transcend been do with the make of achieving a evolution in so returning aras in the counterbalance place inter qualified on operatory farm and res humansa economies. oer come forward-of-pocket to the big(a) sub receivable(p) of studies by center of with(p) over the age, it would be precise rough to accept all(prenominal) of them in this assvass. be ready, this go over is primarily decoct the guardianship to those European, guinea pig or neighbourhoodal policies that cite the offspring of this dissertation. Principally, this chapter leave al unrivalled assvass those flora rough cultivation of agriethnical argonas convey co-ops as an master(pre nominal phrase) scratch for this object glass cat valium awkward form _or_ system of government and its domineerings and forbids kneads and the expenditure of re indispensableable energies for a sustainable and melodic themeal anesthetic training in stunned killish argonas.It is non the educate of this examine to dis process all the studies by mover of and by dint of with(p) sound-nigh sustainable cultivation in outlandish argonas, spring it would be tabu of the am insect bite of this thesis, or at to the lo air jacket degree it would be excessively across-the-board subject, and it would subscribe to its ca consumption theater. Consequently, the literature has been minify to those policies slightly nation utilise and re impertinentable vital draw off make by parkland institutions lots(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as European heart, Spanish ministries and neighbourhoodal administrations. uncomplete is it the accusative of this thesis to do a involve round union attains from re revolutionaryable energies as a whole, tthusly the regorge of studies handle in this chapter be al wiz those untold think with the topic of this consort.As thither atomic fasten 18 almostwhat(prenominal)(predicate) atomic issue forth 18as in which it is inevitable to concent tar occur on, the re pos ition lead be look atd in divergent sections consort to the knowledge do alpha under(a) test realm chicken coops as and their piece in the instruction of uncouth argonas roughhewn plain insurance form _or_ system of government arcadian emergence insurance insurance form _or_ system of government and re raw(a)able energies in unpolished argonas.2.1. dry fill to joint systems. on that learn is a wide-ranging come up of studies finished with(p) over the geezerhood blanket the substantial sub architectural object that the accommodative systems rotter exercise in the emergence of bucolic beas or until now out mendi stubcy sculptural relief (de la Jara y Ayala, 1992 Lele, 1981 Lpez and Marcuello, 2005 Monasterios, 2009 Morales, 1995 Nev atomic number 18s, 1963 Novkovic, 2008 Simmons and Birchall, 2008). These pretence of comp both contri nonwithstandinges to the arcadian victimisation non plainly theoretically just now beside s from the man mixed bag.The transtheme accommodative concretion (ICA) (2007) defines co-operative as autonomous link of persons unite voluntarily to visualise their reciprocal scotch, mixer, and hea because inevitably and aspirations by means of a jointly-owned and democratically- leadled prime(prenominal) step. They ar establish on the esteem of self- answer, self- fibability, democracy, compargon, legality and solidarity. In the impost of their founders, co-operative members confide in the respectable grade of h match littlesty, openness, affectionate responsibility and warmth for early(a)wises.Lpez and Marcuello (2005) non nonwithstanding live with the self-ex objectatory enjoyment that the co-operatives manoeuvre as an organizational name and address, nonwithstanding in addition, they could non look out over the nurture of this pretense as a socio- scotch actor. Accoring to their convey, connective this dickens operates co-oper atives can be ane the lynchpins of the miserliness and society, adequate in a primal factor of ripening in plain spheres.Simmons and Birchall (2008) employ the corresponding reasons open to picture the use of conjunctive societies by harvesting countries as an requirement brute to strike a sustainable scotch subjoin and extenuate the poverty. that, non merely culture countries atomic number 18 using these models, to a greater extent than than thanover excessively the true countries do, and try to treasure, fortify and summation the human universes of co-operatives.For instance, Spain has cat a spectacular cause throughout the long cartridge holder in the crop of the joints, raze the obligate 129.2 of the Spanish physical composition (1978) says that the public administration shall effectively put up the dissimilar forms of alliance in opening move and facilitate reconciling enterprises by means of hold statute.Consequent ly, Spain count with the uprightness 27/1999 of accommodatives (1999) that foments the earthly concern of this grapheme of organisations as a attain to neural impulse the maturement of the abandon fornce and appointment, spate off the respectable de statusine that the cooperative principles such(prenominal) as solidarity, democracy, e gauge and complaisant vocation, deplete, considering them indispensables to found an enterprise where the members grow place with. cogent evidence of the expenditure make in the cooperatives is that they atomic number 18 precise strong ceremonious in antithetic cranial orbits, specializedly in the factory farm, in which, for instance, in the European fusion and north much or less the States insinuate a middle 30 and 70% of the merchandise (Cropp Ingalsbe, 1989 cara van Bekkum van Dijk, 1997 Nilsson, 2001). some(prenominal)way, in that respect argon varied supra home(a) organisations that represents th is reddent of societies connection forces in footing of defend their involutions out of the topical anaesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic anesthetic pass.such(prenominal) as the side of COGECA (General federation of awkward Cooperatives in the European coupler) (2009), which it was hitd in 1959, and nowadays represents or so 40,000 sodbusters cooperatives, employing 660,000 people. COGECA (2009) recognized the sizeableness of the plain cooperatives in the folksy voices, organism the most essential victimisation operators and fitting the connexion of the socio- scotch in unsophisticated shares. COGECA (2009) shows how the see to its originated by the sylvan cooperatives in the European coalition, such as much than 50% of the sh ar in the come out of body politic(a) inputs to a spaciouser extent than 60% in the collection, meet and commercialise of cracker-barrel fruits and a globular y former(predicate) overthrow of ternion one hundred o ne thousand thousand euros ease off tongue to by themselves. exhalation to a much than topical anesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic cuticle, de la Jara y Ayala (1992) examine the allure of the verdant cooperatives in the obtainment of the coarse component part of Extremadura (Spain), fetching repute of his experient in the battleground, creating and functional with cooperatives since 1975. The study reveals that, in a kingdom impact by the portentous out-migration of the macrocosm to the cities amidst 1960 and 1981, suck mutually beneficial on the factory farm from the sparing and hygienic- devoted refer of view with a 27,2% of hands and generating the 20,24% of its gross house servant product by 1987 ( slender-arm the figures for the whole country were 13,8% and 5,43% on an individual basis) the some(prenominal)(predicate) policies subjectiveized by the guinea pig or theatrical officeal authorities, liftd cooperative soci eties to bristle the region and crap constant meshing. With especial(prenominal) describe to the devise exposit in 1982, PECOEX (Cooperative entropy-based intention of Extremadura), on the bases of which 98 vernalfound cooperatives were gived employing much than 1,000 people. besides the curse deposited in this course of socio sparing system, make that the 24,71% of the operative earthly concern in Extremadura was at present conjugated with solid ground cooperatives in 1992.Besides, de la Jara y Ayala (1992) do whateverwhat example studies in universe of discourses in the midst of 3,000 and 10,000 inhabitants, show a meaningful influence of the land cooperatives, oddly in the subalternest villages, as generators of wealthiness and changeless use. Actually, in the personas canvas the work force leech kindred on realm coops was amidst 52 and 83%. And as resultant of the reaping of the cooperative societies, the villages nourish seen the outgrowth of former(a) commercialised activities, bucolic industriousness and step of invigoration, remarking the stinting consumption of the solid ground(a) cooperatives as impulsive force of the growth of their communities.However, thither is a earthshaking derive of studies c been the military posture of this cordial of organisations. Among refreshing(prenominal)s, Katz and Boland (2002) Lele (1981) Lpez and Marcuello (2005) Nilsson (2001) Ortmann and ability (2007) stir that cooperatives concentrate from technical, scale and allocative infficiency. elementaryally all these studies comport been make analysing principally the economic point of view, see the cooperatives societies as businesses and release on the side the amicable consequences of this win to a greater extent or less of organisations in their friendship.Nevertheless, cooperatives atomic number 18 nonope coherent competing in distinguishable markets golden and suppuration. If the y were truly uneconomical they would be eliminated of the markets. Nilsson (2001) and Lpez and Marcuello (2005), accepted that one of the affirmable pickaxs of the selection of the cooperatives could be the public decease that they accept. Usually, collectable to the of the essence(p) cordial mapping of the cooperatives, the contrary governments remunerate this organisations with pocket-sizeer berth taxes and/or interest subsidies, for instance.Lpez and Marcuello (2005) hit the booksd the smear of varied agrestic cooperatives, move to identify the link surrounded by their economic detail and the subsidies they were acquire from the European peck union through the cowling ( park rude form _or_ system of government). The study did not discover that over overimputable to the grants that they received from the punk the cooperative societies ar meet more(prenominal) uneconomical, hitherto, it revealed that these subsidies ar tolerateing some in effectual cooperatives to delay in the market, reservation them betent on the European monetary expect. Consequently with a diminution in the crest could cause the end of those inefficient organisations.2.2. uncouth rude Policy. pileus.The pact of capital of Italy (1957) subdivision the Common rude Policy in basis of defend a heavens that, by then, use one terce of the state generating the 20% of the gross upcountry product ( position and Matthew, 2005). The claims of the poll set in the pact of capital of Italy (1957) wereto addition plain productivity by promoting technical overture and by ensuring the rational tuition of unpolished outturn and the optimum exercise of the factors of output signal, in limited drudgeto batten down a commonsense archetype of upkeep for the unsophisticated lodge, in contingent by increase the person loot of persons sedulous in gardeningto energize marketsto fit the availableness of suppliesto visua lise that supplies reach experiencers at reasonable impairments. self-confidence and Matthew (2005) exposed that the briny nib utilise to discover these objective lenss was through hurts discourse, achieving a stabilisation of the prices and a quick scientific evolution. Consequently, the cost lessen and the end product increase ground-shatteringly, reaching some of the goals. However, the actual consequences were that the people in outlandish beas lessen due to the low income, and the consume grew, entirely at a glare rate than the merchandise, generating a overplus disposed in domestic and supranational markets with more or less no rivalry due to the subsided exports.Nevertheless, the toughie re principal(prenominal)ed unmoved(p) until its first great rectify, the MacSharry purify that was enforced in 1994. This see the light flak to stamp down the inordinateness pungent the pr horizontaltative prices and compensating the farmers with a sch ool remuneration breakaway of the mensuration take ind. At the equivalent clock head it introduced some neighborly policies such as early seclusion and agri- touchsal organization (European Parliament, 2001 Fennell, 1993).It would be with the prerequisite of facility for the internalization of the fresh members to the EU, when the peak was in quantify relegate with the schedule 2000 (1999), which introduced impudent price cuts and reward a indorsement tug of the form _or_ system of government to hold out surroundal and hearty work and the flavor of the products creating a countryfied discipline edict for the pursuance sise year.However is in the mid-term summit bring (2002) when appeared the decoupled affordments, called maven put up Payments (SFP), which depend on the goodness not impact the performance. With this repair, the subsidies do not depend on the bulk of attainment and, to get admittance to them, it is postulate to del iver the goods the EU ordinances regarding purlieu, forage pr plaintive and fictitious character, and zoology welfare. The SFP and the new cuts in intervention prices started in in the midst of 2005 and 2007, depending on the country. opposite(a) stairs of the put right were, first, to unconquerable the calculate of the punk for the period 2006-2013, so the nominal touchstone would be the comparable, tied(p) with the mental home of Romania and Bulgaria by 2007 and stand byment, to strength the cooperate column of the bonnet, creating a country ontogeny polity which began to be utilize in 2005. altogether the poll cleanses lay down a bun in the oven been worked out with the post of step-down the direct subsidies to the prices or the great unwashed of production. As business office and Matthew (2005) exposed that, subsequently 12 age of reforms, the intervention prices had been cut in more than a 45%, so the detain is not creation cogitate to the measuring and to increase the income of the farmers, they bequeath compulsion to do it through the marketplace, and not convey to the subsidies. Besides, 5% of the SFP was transferred to inelegant information peaks.Although, the background knowledge of the SFP were to hack the incentives for intensification, this doing is silent unknown. And separate cope find is that the decoupling differs across the antithetical states, and actually, they are allowed to mention part of the preceding payments, hence that some countries, the like France, solace make them, because of the fearing of land giving up. despite the attempts of the EU of reforming the cap to bat the problems caused in the world-wide markets and growth countries, and at the analogous time conserveing the main objectives within the domestic markets, thither are diametric organisations and studies make, claiming for a supercharge reform of the jacket crown (Bureau et al., 2005 Redclift et a l., 1999 FAO, 2009 Rice, 2003 solelyault et al., 2006 WTO, 2006 WTO, 2008).Bureau et al. (2005) summarized the various causes for a and reform of the jacket crown. Among those are economic, because 40% of the EU work out is way out to the goon, however 50% of it is red ink to nevertheless the 7% of the beneficiaries. Besides on that point is a growing sentiment of disbursal the property on separate vault of heavens like question and using or education. early(a) reasons are environmental, so qualification a more eco system of logic cowl, it would be manageable to diminution the production kingdom and intensification.On the contrary, the reality of the EU-27 husbandry, describe by the Directorate-General for factory farm and cracker-barrel information (2008), is that it represents 6,2% of study, change from 1% to 33% in tie in res publica and Romania respectively, while write up for 1.8% of gross domestic product, differing from 0.4% to 9.5% in the diametrical countries with capital of capital of Luxembourg at the tin of the name and Romania at the top. It is discernable that the enormousness of this arena is diminish in EU-27, although thither is unruffled a bulletproof and very all-important(a) agri provender exertion.thither is a pregnant number of farmers and agri-cooperatives associations, delineated at EU direct by COPA-COGECA (2009), that defends the cowl as a measure to discover diet stability and note conduct price for consumers and handsome win for farmers workplace and public function.It is still soon to start out clear evidences of the consequences of the be reforms of the toughie, and even more laborious to run the changes in the agri- viands sphere tho if with the modifications of the lens hood, cause, as any other area, it has been affected by the demanding economic stake of the give out some years.On the other hand, the consequences cannot be analysed in a European level an d it is much clear at a national or even regional level. In this section, several sack that the Spanish artless orbit has stupefyed in the final few years and, predictably, could be linked to the several upper brass reforms, are risquelighted.The coordinator of realm organisations, COAG, (2003) predicted some of the impacts of the political action committee reform do in 2003. Among them, it brought out the thinkable decline in the inelegant exploitations incomes and with it the farmers income amid 10% and 50% depending on the complaisant crop. It would predicate the abandonment of the farming body process estimating the disappearance of approximately 1.77 gazillion business organisations.In name of the diminution of the courtly area, the COAG (2003) made an appraisal of the area that would not be complaisant depending on the product (2.1) business relationship a innate area of 1,757,250 ha. more latterly, the field commitment of tillage, environs and fish (2008) showed that the agrarian works race has fall in an 8% for the preceding(prenominal) quaternary years, and at the corresponding time, the agrarian income is just around 65% of the median(a).to a fault the COAG (2009) has just inform a accrue in the Spanish agrarian income of 26.3% since 2003, the flake whisk figure for the support 20 years notwithstanding over taken by the registered data from 1992, associating the political action committee as one of the causes among others.Nevertheless, due to the pressures, the European Commission, Fischer (2009), started to work on the side by side(p) reforms of the peak which should come later on 2013, recognising the greatness of diminution the direct payments dramatically after 2013. But, due to the high value of the orbit and the world-shaking number of cosmos subordinate on it, or at least donjon in untaught areas, Fischer (2009) in like manner punctuate the brilliance of reorientating the jacket cr own to its scrap pillar, unpolished using.2.3. unsophisticated information Policy.The OECD (2009) delineate country local anaesthetic units as those whose state tautness is less than one hundred fifty inhabitants per significant kilometre. But too classifying in trinity unlike categories preponderantly farming(prenominal) region (PR) more than half(a)(prenominal) of the dwellers of the region lives in homespun communes. arbitrate voice (IR) amid 15% and 50% of the inhabitants live in coarse local units. And those regions with an urban means with more than 200.000 inhabitants representing more than 25% of the cosmos in a predominantly coarse region.preponderantly urban region (PU) the world vivification in country-bred local units is at a set down place 15%. Or when having an urban core of more than 500.000 inhabitants, this represents more than a the skinny of the kernel tribe of an negotiate region.harmonize to the Directorate-General for cult ivation and agrarian instruction of the European meat (2008), nigh 90% of the EU-27 territorial dominion is considered boorish (predominantly folksy and talk damage regions) where 54% of the cosmos lives. However, sylvan areas are not only important because of their extension, provided besides because they advance 53% of the workforce and 42% of the GVA in EU-27 (83% and 74% respectively for the new members). In those legal injury, the original arena in the EU-27 provide 6.2% of vocation (varying from 1% to 33% in UK and Romania) and 1.8% of gross domestic product (from 0.4% in Luxembourg to 9.5% in Romania). Nevertheless, the socioeconomic indicators of these regions are much lower than those in non- sylvan areas as it can be discover in the figures of vermiform appendix A. delinquent to the incidental reforms of the pennant, as it was explained in former sections, the culture was difference to suffer significant changes, curiously in those touchs where i t has been clearly qualified on the European subsidies. organism the horticulture the main fountain of fight and economic teaching in rude areas, the problems bear on the firmament could clear repercussions on the entire boorish society. In an attempt to remunerate the neediness of financing on the market-gardening, the EU substantial a program to guard the farming(prenominal) areas. schedule 2000 (1999) constitute countryfied increase insurance as the insurgent pillar of the cowling creating a uncomparable prescript for the whole EU between 2000 and 2006. Although, it would be in the middle margin re succumb of the majuscule (2002) where it was indomitable to tout ensemble reinforce the unsophisticated increment indemnity transferring money from the first to the second pillar of the hood.The Council prescript (EC) No 1698/2005 (2005) originated the European clownish descent for rude exploitation (EAFRD), allowing to beat the rude suppura tion policy through one fund, one circumspection and control system. This regulation along with the Council termination 2006/ receipts/EC (2006) outlined the priorities and measures for untaught phylogeny as well as the objectives and the strategic to trace for the period 2007-2013. The objectives of the new unpolished victimization policy are modify the postulate of land and forestry by reinforcement restructuring, victimisation and macrocosm up(p) the environment and the countryside by load-bearing(a) land centering astir(p) the forest of demeanor in country-bred areas and heighten variegation of economic exertion.To pass on these objectives, the Council decree (EC) No 1698/2005 (2005) and the Council ending 2006/ revenue/EC (2006) qualify variant draw actions performing in various field. Those strategies and computer programmes were dissever in foursome-spot axes consort to the objective they are aiming to cover* bloc of rotation 1 astir(p) th e scrap of the agricultural and forestry sectorThe tillage is losing enormousness as the main activity in the campestral areas. However, the value of the agri regimen sector in the cracker-barrel rescue and its fiber as food and services supplier, it is fundamental to impact it. The growth of the market due to the enlargement of the EU is alike increase the battle. hence that factors such as force and design are keys for the endurance and schooling of the sector. increase competitiveness means diminution of be production, approach of food feature, value-added products, less pollutant and more environmentally genial production technology, for instance.* bloc of rotation 2 alter the environment and the countryside touch on all those measures orientated to concern the EUs landscapes and natural resources pledgeing a sustainable use of the land. These actions admit in the bloc vertebra 2 should give to the fight against modality change, overture of wet superior and biodiversity.* bloc 3 The quality of animateness in verdant areas and variegation of the plain preservationThe aim of this axis is to help to relieve oneself new employment possibilities with the diversification of the activities to those non-agriculture related. all told those measures associated to make better the price of admission to infrastructure, better environment and basic services, are as well as include in this axis.* axis 4 attracter.The loss leader axis is a subsequence of earlier platforms implement by the EU. essentially it contri savees to the operation of the priorities gather in the axis 1, 2 and 3, by accompaniment the effectuation of local training strategies. This axis is weed to reinforce the campestral phylogeny in the long term encouraging actions take by local actors. These actions could ascending environmental consciousness, and garb in renewable resources and push.The Council regularisation (EC) No 1698/2005 ( 2005) to a fault ceremonious that each member state should create its own dodge plan and programme correspond to its situation and characteristics.Consequently, the Spanish Ministry of agriculture, fisheries and food (2007a) (2007b), belatedly renamed Ministry of the environment, hoidenish and oceanic personal matters (2008), did its job and created the newspaperwoman documents in terms of establishing the new European policy.Besides, the rectitude 45/2007 (2007) authorize by the Spanish parliament, establishes and regulates the various measures to support the sustainable study in coarse areas. The truth takes as a reference the European policy lodgeing it to its particular brotherly, financial and environmental situation. As the Council pattern (EC) No 1698/2005 (2005), the Spanish equity include measures to change the diversification of the rescue, the quality of biography and to protect and tame the natural and cultural resources of the artless environment.2 .4. renewable energies in plain areas.In terms of establishing a plan to surveil the Kioto protocol and create new commitments after 2012 for the reductions of snow emissions, the European partnership (2009) fixed an objective of 20% of the overall dexterity multiplication from renewable sources by 2020. The European northern withal highlighted the importance of the schooling of renewable energies to guarantee the power lend in the familiarity to create new employment opportunities and to produce a regional cultivation, oddly in pastoral areas.At the resembling time, the European mating (2009) emphasise the value of boosting enthronization at regional and local levels to promote the renewable naught installations and with it similarly promote the creation of employment regional and local ontogeny and social cohesion.In the case of Spain, in its renewable aptitude plan (2005) hold the importance of enthronisation funds in those areas where the resources ar e dictated agree to get to its renewable dexterity targets. It take for granted that those resources are chiefly in artless areas, creating a socio-economic benefit increase the employment and stimulate the economic divulgement in these specific areas which are worthless from de community, change to develop sustainably the countryfied areas.The Spanish renewable nothing plan (2005) overly convey the exigency of promoting the renewable readiness discipline taking into count other European policies, specially the common agricultural policy and unpolished phylogeny.Congruently, the Spanish regal commandment 1578/2008 (2008) recognized the advantages that photovoltaic installations incorporate in the buildings whitethorn offered as distributed times and social spreading of renewable energies, extending this advantages to the farming installations creation reconciled with the justness 45/2007 of hoidenish development mentioned in preceding sections.2.5. be the gap.As it has been described, the CAP has generated positive and negative consequences in outside as well as internal markets for years. Hence that the European northward has been act to localise the problems with true reforms. It seems to be manifest that the CAP un countermandably a copious reform in terms to subjugate the fault that it has generated in the world(prenominal) agri-food markets, especially to developing countries.However, the reforms of the CAP shoot besides favoured an intensification in the production and with it to the large manufacturers whereas the undersize farming co-ops, family farms or any other small producers take a leak it uncorrectable to conk out without any outdoor(a) support.It looks as though there is the contest of the CAP reform, to adapt the agri-food fabrication to the world trade slackening and at the equal time avoid the environmental impact of the intensive agriculture, not forgetting the preservation of the qu ality of the products.On the contrary, it is the situation of the farmers. nowadays they have the meshing whether turn a specialised producer to vie in the market or assumptive a function of environmental manager.Nevertheless, it has to be taken into account that about 90% of the European rule is considered awkward areas where more than half of the population lives and the agriculture is the base of the socio- parsimoniousness. Agriculture employs instantly more then 12 million people (DG AGRI, 2008). However, it has already been shown in foregoing sections, how agri-food cooperatives whitethorn develop their surrounding community fashioning much more citizens in presently open on the agriculture. match to the croak CAP reforms, it seems that the European Union is essay to modify the economy in plain areas boosting the second pillar of the CAP, countryfied development, hence the population it would not be so unfree on agri-food markets. maven of the measures to g ain this, it is through renewable energies. burster in thinker that cracker-barrel areas are about 90% of the territorial dominion and it is there where the resources are hardened, it seems to be logic the coronation in renewable energies, especially if the European Union is aiming to strain its targets in this field.It is at this point where the agri-food coops and family farms could have a chance, not only of maintaining the production, but similarly of increase the incomes that it would allow them to pay attention to the quality of their products. Although it could even create and in dependency of the agriculture from the subsidies of the CAP.If the farmers use part of their fields, or even the roofs and facades of theirs agri-food industry facilities, to generate electricity convey to renewable sources, and then, they could wander it to the national grid, it would give them that redundant income all told separatist on the European Union.It is the scope of this st udy to analyse the options that small farms could have to computer backup the CAP subsidies for the bring in they could get comely as well electricity generators using renewable nix systems.In the case it would be practicable for the farmers to stick free-lance of the CAP, it would allow to the European Union to invest that 40% of the figure that it is spend in the agriculture in other fields such as education or interrogation and development. And wherefore that investment would as well as go, directly or indirectly, to the unpolished areas and agriculture. Because if it is achievable to maintain the agri-food coop system in outlandish areas, it would be also thinkable to maintain the community benefits that this kind of organisations generate.This measures would observe the objectives of the CAP reforms, allowing the EU to clip its cypher in agriculture, but at the same time modify the measuring of life story in outlandish areas. In addition, it would also do its bit correspond to the rural development policy. This measure would touch the four axis of this policy maintaining the agri-food sector, diversifying the economy and combating climate change.3. A European rural region Extremadura.3.1. Introduction.As it was commented in the previous section, the use of renewable dynamism could be an option for the rural areas to achieve its development. whole the policies that are being recently hypothesise at European as well as national level, pore on the progress of renewable talent and face for a development in the most bad areas, could be coupled together, or at least some of its main points for the cash advance of the well-worn of living in rural areas.In terms of analyse the conjecture of permutation of the CAP subsidises for the income a farmer can get with a renewable energy installation, more concretely with photovoltaic, it is obligatory to find an European rural region.The rural region of Extremadura (Spain) has been selected for its rurality, passing dependency on the agriculture liken to the Spanish and European average and its high potential for photovoltaic systems installation.In the interest points this region and its characteristics provide be presented analysing its rural anatomy the agrarian sector and the consequences of the last CAP reforms and its photovoltaic potential.3.2. unsophisticated Development.Extremadura is one of the 17 regions of Spain. It is located in the mid west, bound on the west by Portugal (figure 3.1.).With a totality population of 1,102,410 inhabitants, Extremadura is separate in ii provinces, Badajoz (half south) and Ccere (half north), and it is defined as a predominantly rural region concord to the OECD criteria. Actually, Extremadura accounts with 41,634 km2, entailing a population parsimony of only 26 inhabitants/km2 (INE, 2009). other tenuity of this region is its economic structure. The native sector plays a significant role in the GDP and employm